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51.
Field, hand specimen, and microscopic investigations alongside X-ray diffraction analyses revealed four types of hydrothermal alteration (Type-A, -B, -C, and -D) based on the mode of occurrence of altered rocks and alteration mineral assemblage at Hakusui-kyo and Horai-kyo along the Arima-Takatsuki Tectonic Line (ATTL) in western Japan. Type-A alteration locally occurred as gray alteration halos with sulfide minerals. Type-B and -C alterations were confined to fault gouge veins and occurred as greenish-gray veins and brown veins, respectively. Type-C alteration crosscut Type-B alteration. These alterations were associated with a number of granitic fragments including cohesive breccia and micrographic facies. Type-D alteration occurred locally in brown sediments. Different mineralogical features in the four alterations are summarized as (Type-A) illite; (Type-B) chlorite; (Type-C) limonite (Fe3+ hydroxides and goethite) and calcite; and (Type-D) limonite. We propose that the alterations can be broadly divided into Paleocene hydrothermal alteration (Type-A) and post-Late Miocene hydrothermal alteration (Type-B, -C, and -D): Type-A alteration occurred at approximately 200 °C during hydrothermal activity after a granitic intrusion in Late Cretaceous; Type-B, -C and -D alterations occurred under hydrothermal activity accompanying deep fluids with repeated ascents invoked by the seismicity of the ATTL after the Late Miocene. The fluids may have been the “Arima-type thermal waters” (i.e., mixtures of convective groundwater and Na-Ca-Cl-HCO3-type fluids). Type-B alteration occurred in fractures at depths where the temperature was ≥150 °C. Type-C alteration overprinted Type-B alteration as a result of mixing of new deep fluids and descending oxidized meteoric water near the surface. Fe3+ hydroxides and calcite precipitated from the fluids due to the oxidation of Fe2+ and the degassing of CO2, respectively, at ambient to near-boiling temperatures. When the ascending fluids gushed out from the fractures, they generated Type-D alteration at the surface under similar temperature conditions due to the oxidation of Fe2+. 相似文献
52.
Rainfall, throughfall, stemflow and spring were studied in a secondary forest during a wet season from April to August in
2006. Some of the chemicals in throughfall, stemflow and spring were increased in contrast with incident rainfall. Specifically,
Cl−, HCO3
−, Na+ and Ca2+ were leached negatively in throughfall, but K+ and Mg2+ were leached positively. In stemflow, Cl− and Na+ were leached negatively, the others were leached positively and their concentrations were higher than those in throughfall.
Total carbon, organic carbon and inorganic carbon in throughfall and stemflow were increased as rainfall went through the
secondary forest. The concentration of free CO2 in rainfall was lower than both, throughfall and stemflow; the relationship between total acidity and free CO2 was linear. pH of throughfall and stemflow , such as maximum, minimum and mean, were lower than that of rainfall and the
extent of pH in spring was changed minimally. We came to a conclusion that rainfall via the secondary forest can lead to further
erosion, accelerate the biogeochemical cycle in epikarst zone, enhance the effective state of alkali elements in the soil,
supply vegetation with more nutrients and advance vegetation’s growth and succession, which are reasonably sufficient to form
a stable karst ecosystem. 相似文献
53.
Jingbo Zhao Changyan Wang Zhangdong Jin Guizhen Sun Jun Xiao 《Environmental Geology》2009,57(8):1753-1760
Two springs (Cuihua Spring, Shuiqiuchi Spring) in Cuihua Mountain of the Qinling Mountains were observed and sampled monthly
during 2004 and 2005 to trace their physical properties and chemical compositions with seasons. Although both pH values and
cation (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, and Na+) contents of Cuihua Spring are higher than those of Shuiqiuchi Spring, seasonal variations in both springs are obvious. The
pH values of both spring waters are between 5.69 and 6.98, lower than that of rainwater during summer and autumn. From January
to November, the pH values of both springs similarly vary from high to low and then to high again. Variations in electric
conductivities of two spring waters are contrary, although their electric conductivities are positively correlative with the
cation content respectively. This can be attributed to different water sources of the two springs or different acidic rocks
they passed. The contents of HCO3
−, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, and Na+ are low, indicating a low silicate weathering that the strata in this district are mainly composed of granite and schist
of quartz and mica. Differing from change in spring water in karst regions of South China where abundant precipitation and
dilution of rainwater cause low pH and electric conductivity in summer and autumn, the seasonal variations in the pH values
and the electric conductivities of two springs in Qinling Mountains are attributed to seasonal changes in CO2 produced by microorganisms’ activity in soil within respective year, rather than rainfall. The microorganisms’ activity in
soil produces more CO2 during summer and autumn. Therefore, the water nature of springs in silicate regions chiefly reflects the seasonal changes
of CO2 produced by the microorganisms in soil. 相似文献
54.
根据野外实地考察,综合前人的工作资料,从地层结构、层位、沉积体系、岩性及形成砂岩型铀矿的条件出发,概括了公婆泉盆地中生代地层的主要特征;确定了目的层并浅要分析了砂岩型铀成矿条件,对下一步铀矿找矿工作具有一定的现实意义。 相似文献
55.
甘肃省春季沙尘暴强弱年份大气环流特征对比分析 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
文中使用NCEP/NCAR1955~2000年全球月平均再分析网格点资料(2.5°×2.5°纬度/经度)和甘肃省区域性沙尘暴过程资料,分别选取了甘肃省5个春季典型沙尘暴年份和5个春季非沙尘暴年份,对其气候平均的大尺度环流场和有关物理量场的动力和热力结构差异进行了对比分析。初步探讨了甘肃省春季沙尘暴发生与全球海温异常的关系。分析结果表明,甘肃省春季沙尘暴年和非沙尘暴年大尺度高低空环流场和有关物理量场差异明显,从而揭示了沙尘暴形成的大尺度环流以及动力和热力因子影响的事实,以期对我国西北地区沙尘暴气候成因有更全面深入的了解,为沙尘暴短期气候预测提供理论依据和强信号。 相似文献
56.
Rod M. Douglas 《Quaternary Research》2006,65(1):87-95
It is has been suggested that faunal remains at Florisbad were fossilized in a spring context due to the mineralized spring water. However, the environment conducive to the precipitation of CaCO3 and other authigenic minerals was formed largely through the salinization of the organic layers and clay, and the mineralization of the groundwater. Factors contributing to this favorable environment include: CaCO3 saturation, pH, the decomposition of halophytes, Eh, rainfall, biomineralization, and aeolian deposition. With the exception of pH, none of the above factors feature in a spring context, with evidence suggesting that the spring water may historically never have carried sufficient minerals for fossilization, and that contact with the spring water may actually have resulted in the demineralization of previously fossilized material. In light of this evidence, it is concluded that the fossilization of faunal remains at Florisbad took place in a sedimentary organic matter and clay environment and could not have taken place in the spring vents where there is an undersaturation of Ca. 相似文献
57.
Hussein A. Amery 《The Geographical journal》2002,168(4):313-323
This paper explains how hydropolitical dynamics and spatial variables almost triggered a water war between Israel and Lebanon because the latter was building a pump on the Wazzani Spring, a tributary of the Jordan River. The convergence of a regional drought, history of violent confrontations between the two riparians, distrust, varying development needs and territorial disputes almost culminated in a war between these east Mediterranean neighbours. While most international water disputes in the Middle East will be resolved peacefully, some are likely to trigger violent confrontations threatening political stability in the Middle East in the next few decades. 相似文献
58.
分析了采用细胞自动机研究波动问题的建模方法,针对一维、均匀、各向同性固体介质中弹性纵波的微观机制,借用一经典弹簧振子模型、细胞自动机格子气模型,以及量子力学中的无限深势阱模型,建立了一个细胞自动机有限深势阱模型,从量子力学角度出发,基于介观物理和纳米概念,以微观精子的德布罗意假设为基础,利用薛定谔方程,讨论了该模型中粒子(分子组)的振动速度与粒子物质波波速之间的联系,给出了模型中的波动方程,得出ζ=Vp(ζ为粒子振动速度,Vp为物质波纵波波速)。同时还讨论了模型中粒子的大小和能量传递问题,引入引力场,得出了能量及引力势的量子化条件,另外,对声波速度、格子气粒子振动速度和本文模型中分子组振动速度进行了比较;还对本文模型中的粒子能量分布作了分析。 相似文献
59.
60.